Space weather

Solar wind speed Solar wind magnetic fields Noon 10.7cm radio flux
Bt Bz

Update

Update

Update
WATCH
Geomagnetic Storm Category G1 Predicted
Issued: Mar 22, 2023 04:53 PM UTC
Geomagnetic Storm Category G1 Predicted

Highest Storm Level Predicted by Day:
Mar 23: G1 (Minor) Mar 24: G2 (Moderate) Mar 25: G1 (Minor)

THIS SUPERSEDES ANY/ALL PRIOR WATCHES IN EFFECT

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 22, 2023 05:55 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4318
Valid From: 2023 Mar 22 0045 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 22 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: Mar 22, 2023 02:37 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2023 Mar 22 0237 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0000-0300 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 22, 2023 12:45 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2023 Mar 22 0045 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Mar 22 0600 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WATCH
Geomagnetic Storm Category G2 Predicted
Issued: Mar 21, 2023 09:59 PM UTC
Geomagnetic Storm Category G2 Predicted

Highest Storm Level Predicted by Day:
Mar 22: None (Below G1) Mar 23: None (Below G1) Mar 24: G2 (Moderate)

THIS SUPERSEDES ANY/ALL PRIOR WATCHES IN EFFECT

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: Mar 20, 2023 03:12 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2023 Mar 20 1459 UTC
Synoptic Period: 1200-1500 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 20, 2023 02:53 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2023 Mar 20 1453 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Mar 21 0900 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

ALERT
Type IV Radio Emission
Issued: Mar 18, 2023 07:50 AM UTC
Type IV Radio Emission
Begin Time: 2023 Mar 18 0722 UTC

Description: Type IV emissions occur in association with major eruptions on the sun and are typically associated with strong coronal mass ejections and solar radiation storms.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 15, 2023 11:31 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4315
Valid From: 2023 Mar 14 0422 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 16 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Issued: Mar 15, 2023 11:22 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Threshold Reached: 2023 Mar 15 2322 UTC
Synoptic Period: 2100-2400 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-Index of 6 expected
Issued: Mar 15, 2023 11:21 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-Index of 6 expected
Valid From: 2023 Mar 15 2315 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Mar 16 0600 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: Mar 15, 2023 10:46 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Mar 15 2246 UTC
Synoptic Period: 2100-2400 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: Mar 15, 2023 10:45 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Valid From: 2023 Mar 15 2242 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Mar 16 0600 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

SUMMARY
Proton Event 10MeV Integral Flux exceeded 10pfu
Issued: Mar 15, 2023 11:36 AM UTC
Proton Event 10MeV Integral Flux exceeded 10pfu
Begin Time: 2023 Mar 14 1155 UTC
Maximum Time: 2023 Mar 15 0425 UTC
End Time: 2023 Mar 15 0535 UTC
Maximum 10MeV Flux: 22 pfu
NOAA Scale: S1 - Minor

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Issued: Mar 15, 2023 05:59 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Threshold Reached: 2023 Mar 15 0559 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0300-0600 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

SUMMARY
Geomagnetic Sudden Impulse
Issued: Mar 15, 2023 04:55 AM UTC
Geomagnetic Sudden Impulse
Observed: 2023 Mar 15 0428 UTC
Deviation: 55 nT
Station: FRD

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 7 or greater expected
Issued: Mar 15, 2023 04:25 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 7 or greater expected
Valid From: 2023 Mar 15 0425 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Mar 15 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G3 or greater - Strong to Extreme

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 50 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power system voltage irregularities possible, false alarms may be triggered on some protection devices.
Spacecraft - Systems may experience surface charging; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites and orientation problems may occur.
Navigation - Intermittent satellite navigation (GPS) problems, including loss-of-lock and increased range error may occur.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio may be intermittent.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as Pennsylvania to Iowa to Oregon.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-Index of 6 expected
Issued: Mar 15, 2023 04:25 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-Index of 6 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 472
Valid From: 2023 Mar 15 0400 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 15 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 15, 2023 04:25 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4314
Valid From: 2023 Mar 14 0422 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 15 2359 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: Mar 15, 2023 04:25 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 1753
Valid From: 2023 Mar 15 0347 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 15 1800 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

WARNING
Geomagnetic Sudden Impulse expected
Issued: Mar 15, 2023 04:07 AM UTC
Geomagnetic Sudden Impulse expected
Valid From: 2023 Mar 15 0430 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Mar 15 0530 UTC
IP Shock Passage Observed: 2023 Mar 15 0348 UTC

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-Index of 6 expected
Issued: Mar 15, 2023 04:00 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-Index of 6 expected
Valid From: 2023 Mar 15 0400 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Mar 15 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: Mar 15, 2023 03:56 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Mar 15 0355 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0300-0600 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: Mar 15, 2023 03:47 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Valid From: 2023 Mar 15 0347 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Mar 15 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 14, 2023 11:23 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4313
Valid From: 2023 Mar 14 0422 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 15 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Proton 10MeV Integral Flux above 10pfu expected
Issued: Mar 14, 2023 08:44 PM UTC
Proton 10MeV Integral Flux above 10pfu expected
Extension to Serial Number: 497
Valid From: 2023 Mar 14 1105 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 15 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence
Predicted NOAA Scale: S1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Radio - Minor impacts on polar HF (high frequency) radio propagation resulting in fades at lower frequencies.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 14, 2023 02:59 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4312
Valid From: 2023 Mar 14 0422 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 14 2359 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

ALERT
Proton Event 10MeV Integral Flux exceeded 10pfu
Issued: Mar 14, 2023 12:11 PM UTC
Proton Event 10MeV Integral Flux exceeded 10pfu
Begin Time: 2023 Mar 14 1155 UTC
NOAA Scale: S1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Radio - Minor impacts on polar HF (high frequency) radio propagation resulting in fades at lower frequencies.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: Mar 14, 2023 12:02 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2023 Mar 14 1159 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0900-1200 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Proton 10MeV Integral Flux above 10pfu expected
Issued: Mar 14, 2023 11:06 AM UTC
Proton 10MeV Integral Flux above 10pfu expected
Valid From: 2023 Mar 14 1105 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Mar 14 2359 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
Predicted NOAA Scale: S1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Radio - Minor impacts on polar HF (high frequency) radio propagation resulting in fades at lower frequencies.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 14, 2023 04:21 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2023 Mar 14 0422 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Mar 14 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

SUMMARY
Proton Event 10MeV Integral Flux exceeded 10pfu
Issued: Mar 14, 2023 12:22 AM UTC
Proton Event 10MeV Integral Flux exceeded 10pfu
Begin Time: 2023 Mar 13 0745 UTC
Maximum Time: 2023 Mar 13 0910 UTC
End Time: 2023 Mar 13 2359 UTC
Maximum 10MeV Flux: 13 pfu
NOAA Scale: S1 - Minor

Comment: Levels remain near event threshold, albeit on a gradual, downward trend. There is a chance levels could increase back above threshold, which would require a new warning.

WATCH
Geomagnetic Storm Category G1 Predicted
Issued: Mar 13, 2023 08:03 PM UTC
Geomagnetic Storm Category G1 Predicted

Highest Storm Level Predicted by Day:
Mar 14: None (Below G1) Mar 15: G1 (Minor) Mar 16: G1 (Minor)

THIS SUPERSEDES ANY/ALL PRIOR WATCHES IN EFFECT

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

EXTENDED WARNING
Proton 10MeV Integral Flux above 10pfu expected
Issued: Mar 13, 2023 05:22 PM UTC
Proton 10MeV Integral Flux above 10pfu expected
Extension to Serial Number: 495
Valid From: 2023 Mar 13 0745 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 13 2359 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence
Predicted NOAA Scale: S1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Radio - Minor impacts on polar HF (high frequency) radio propagation resulting in fades at lower frequencies.

ALERT
Proton Event 10MeV Integral Flux exceeded 10pfu
Issued: Mar 13, 2023 07:55 AM UTC
Proton Event 10MeV Integral Flux exceeded 10pfu
Begin Time: 2023 Mar 13 0750 UTC
NOAA Scale: S1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Radio - Minor impacts on polar HF (high frequency) radio propagation resulting in fades at lower frequencies.

WARNING
Proton 10MeV Integral Flux above 10pfu expected
Issued: Mar 13, 2023 07:46 AM UTC
Proton 10MeV Integral Flux above 10pfu expected
Valid From: 2023 Mar 13 0745 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Mar 13 1800 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
Predicted NOAA Scale: S1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Radio - Minor impacts on polar HF (high frequency) radio propagation resulting in fades at lower frequencies.

WATCH
Geomagnetic Storm Category G1 Predicted
Issued: Mar 12, 2023 11:27 AM UTC
Geomagnetic Storm Category G1 Predicted

Highest Storm Level Predicted by Day:
Mar 13: None (Below G1) Mar 14: None (Below G1) Mar 15: G1 (Minor)

THIS SUPERSEDES ANY/ALL PRIOR WATCHES IN EFFECT

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: Mar 10, 2023 03:43 PM UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3306
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 28 2155 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 1943 pfu

Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 10, 2023 05:55 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4310
Valid From: 2023 Mar 10 0038 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 10 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: Mar 10, 2023 01:15 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2023 Mar 10 0106 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0000-0300 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 10, 2023 12:38 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2023 Mar 10 0038 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Mar 10 0600 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 9, 2023 02:44 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4308
Valid From: 2023 Mar 09 0437 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 09 1800 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: Mar 9, 2023 08:41 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Valid From: 2023 Mar 09 0840 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Mar 09 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: Mar 9, 2023 07:38 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2023 Mar 09 0737 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0600-0900 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: Mar 9, 2023 06:32 AM UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3305
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 28 2155 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 4294 pfu

Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 9, 2023 04:38 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2023 Mar 09 0437 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Mar 09 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: Mar 8, 2023 05:02 AM UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3304
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 28 2155 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 2819 pfu

Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 7, 2023 08:53 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4306
Valid From: 2023 Mar 04 2225 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 07 1800 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: Mar 7, 2023 05:21 AM UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3303
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 28 2155 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 3790 pfu

Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 6, 2023 11:04 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4305
Valid From: 2023 Mar 04 2225 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 07 0900 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 6, 2023 11:11 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4304
Valid From: 2023 Mar 04 2225 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 06 2359 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: Mar 6, 2023 05:08 AM UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3302
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 28 2155 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 6751 pfu

Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

SUMMARY
X-ray Event exceeded M5
Issued: Mar 6, 2023 03:38 AM UTC
X-ray Event exceeded M5
Begin Time: 2023 Mar 06 0208 UTC
Maximum Time: 2023 Mar 06 0228 UTC
End Time: 2023 Mar 06 0235 UTC
X-ray Class: M5.8
Location: N18W67
NOAA Scale: R2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact centered primarily on sub-solar point on the sunlit side of Earth.
Radio - Limited blackout of HF (high frequency) radio communication for tens of minutes.

SUMMARY
10cm Radio Burst
Issued: Mar 6, 2023 03:17 AM UTC
10cm Radio Burst
Begin Time: 2023 Mar 06 0235 UTC
Maximum Time: 2023 Mar 06 0243 UTC
End Time: 2023 Mar 06 0256 UTC
Duration: 21 minutes
Peak Flux: 460 sfu
Latest Penticton Noon Flux: 180 sfu

Description: A 10cm radio burst indicates that the electromagnetic burst associated with a solar flare at the 10cm wavelength was double or greater than the initial 10cm radio background. This can be indicative of significant radio noise in association with a solar flare. This noise is generally short-lived but can cause interference for sensitive receivers including radar, GPS, and satellite communications.

ALERT
Type IV Radio Emission
Issued: Mar 6, 2023 03:15 AM UTC
Type IV Radio Emission
Begin Time: 2023 Mar 06 0238 UTC

Description: Type IV emissions occur in association with major eruptions on the sun and are typically associated with strong coronal mass ejections and solar radiation storms.

ALERT
X-Ray Flux exceeded M5
Issued: Mar 6, 2023 02:27 AM UTC
X-Ray Flux exceeded M5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Mar 06 0224 UTC
NOAA Scale: R2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact centered on sub-solar point on the sunlit side of Earth. Extent of blackout of HF (high frequency) radio communication dependent upon current X-ray Flux intensity. For real-time information on affected area and expected duration please see http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/d-region-absorption-predictions-d-rap.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 5, 2023 11:57 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4303
Valid From: 2023 Mar 04 2225 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 06 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

SUMMARY
X-ray Event exceeded M5
Issued: Mar 5, 2023 09:59 PM UTC
X-ray Event exceeded M5
Begin Time: 2023 Mar 05 2129 UTC
Maximum Time: 2023 Mar 05 2136 UTC
End Time: 2023 Mar 05 2141 UTC
X-ray Class: M5.0
Location: N18W64
NOAA Scale: R2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact centered primarily on sub-solar point on the sunlit side of Earth.
Radio - Limited blackout of HF (high frequency) radio communication for tens of minutes.

ALERT
X-Ray Flux exceeded M5
Issued: Mar 5, 2023 09:36 PM UTC
X-Ray Flux exceeded M5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Mar 05 2135 UTC
NOAA Scale: R2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact centered on sub-solar point on the sunlit side of Earth. Extent of blackout of HF (high frequency) radio communication dependent upon current X-ray Flux intensity. For real-time information on affected area and expected duration please see http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/d-region-absorption-predictions-d-rap.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 5, 2023 10:52 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4302
Valid From: 2023 Mar 04 2225 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 05 2359 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: Mar 5, 2023 05:01 AM UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3301
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 28 2155 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 1698 pfu

Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: Mar 4, 2023 10:30 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2023 Mar 04 2230 UTC
Synoptic Period: 2100-2400 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 4, 2023 10:25 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2023 Mar 04 2225 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Mar 05 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

SUMMARY
X-ray Event exceeded M5
Issued: Mar 4, 2023 04:34 PM UTC
X-ray Event exceeded M5
Begin Time: 2023 Mar 04 1519 UTC
Maximum Time: 2023 Mar 04 1557 UTC
End Time: 2023 Mar 04 1626 UTC
X-ray Class: M5.2
Location: N25W85
NOAA Scale: R2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact centered primarily on sub-solar point on the sunlit side of Earth.
Radio - Limited blackout of HF (high frequency) radio communication for tens of minutes.

ALERT
Type IV Radio Emission
Issued: Mar 4, 2023 03:53 PM UTC
Type IV Radio Emission
Begin Time: 2023 Mar 04 1530 UTC

Description: Type IV emissions occur in association with major eruptions on the sun and are typically associated with strong coronal mass ejections and solar radiation storms.

ALERT
X-Ray Flux exceeded M5
Issued: Mar 4, 2023 03:52 PM UTC
X-Ray Flux exceeded M5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Mar 04 1551 UTC
NOAA Scale: R2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact centered on sub-solar point on the sunlit side of Earth. Extent of blackout of HF (high frequency) radio communication dependent upon current X-ray Flux intensity. For real-time information on affected area and expected duration please see http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/d-region-absorption-predictions-d-rap.

ALERT
Type II Radio Emission
Issued: Mar 4, 2023 03:46 PM UTC
Type II Radio Emission
Begin Time: 2023 Mar 04 1531 UTC
Estimated Velocity: 815 km/s

Description: Type II emissions occur in association with eruptions on the sun and typically indicate a coronal mass ejection is associated with a flare event.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: Mar 4, 2023 10:07 AM UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3300
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 28 2155 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 1400 pfu

Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 4, 2023 05:37 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4300
Valid From: 2023 Mar 02 2320 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 04 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

SUMMARY
X-ray Event exceeded X1
Issued: Mar 3, 2023 08:08 PM UTC
X-ray Event exceeded X1
Begin Time: 2023 Mar 03 1742 UTC
Maximum Time: 2023 Mar 03 1752 UTC
End Time: 2023 Mar 03 1759 UTC
X-ray Class: X2.1
Optical Class: 1b
Location: N25W70
NOAA Scale: R3 - Strong

Potential Impacts: Area of impact consists of large portions of the sunlit side of Earth, strongest at the sub-solar point.
Radio - Wide area blackout of HF (high frequency) radio communication for about an hour.

WARNING
Proton 10MeV Integral Flux above 10pfu expected
Issued: Mar 3, 2023 06:47 PM UTC
Proton 10MeV Integral Flux above 10pfu expected
Valid From: 2023 Mar 03 1850 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Mar 03 2050 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
Predicted NOAA Scale: S1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Radio - Minor impacts on polar HF (high frequency) radio propagation resulting in fades at lower frequencies.

ALERT
Type IV Radio Emission
Issued: Mar 3, 2023 06:33 PM UTC
Type IV Radio Emission
Begin Time: 2023 Mar 03 1753 UTC

Description: Type IV emissions occur in association with major eruptions on the sun and are typically associated with strong coronal mass ejections and solar radiation storms.

ALERT
Type II Radio Emission
Issued: Mar 3, 2023 06:32 PM UTC
Type II Radio Emission
Begin Time: 2023 Mar 03 1753 UTC
Estimated Velocity: 247 km/s

Description: Type II emissions occur in association with eruptions on the sun and typically indicate a coronal mass ejection is associated with a flare event.

SUMMARY
10cm Radio Burst
Issued: Mar 3, 2023 06:31 PM UTC
10cm Radio Burst
Begin Time: 2023 Mar 03 1749 UTC
Maximum Time: 2023 Mar 03 1751 UTC
End Time: 2023 Mar 03 1803 UTC
Duration: 14 minutes
Peak Flux: 710 sfu
Latest Penticton Noon Flux: 169 sfu

Description: A 10cm radio burst indicates that the electromagnetic burst associated with a solar flare at the 10cm wavelength was double or greater than the initial 10cm radio background. This can be indicative of significant radio noise in association with a solar flare. This noise is generally short-lived but can cause interference for sensitive receivers including radar, GPS, and satellite communications.

ALERT
X-Ray Flux exceeded M5
Issued: Mar 3, 2023 06:10 PM UTC
X-Ray Flux exceeded M5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Mar 03 1749 UTC
NOAA Scale: R2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact centered on sub-solar point on the sunlit side of Earth. Extent of blackout of HF (high frequency) radio communication dependent upon current X-ray Flux intensity. For real-time information on affected area and expected duration please see http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/d-region-absorption-predictions-d-rap.

WATCH
Geomagnetic Storm Category G1 Predicted
Issued: Mar 3, 2023 05:02 PM UTC
Geomagnetic Storm Category G1 Predicted

Highest Storm Level Predicted by Day:
Mar 04: None (Below G1) Mar 05: G1 (Minor) Mar 06: G1 (Minor)

THIS SUPERSEDES ANY/ALL PRIOR WATCHES IN EFFECT

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 3, 2023 02:55 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4299
Valid From: 2023 Mar 02 2320 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 04 0600 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: Mar 3, 2023 01:27 PM UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3299
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 28 2155 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 3375 pfu

Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 3, 2023 05:04 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4298
Valid From: 2023 Mar 02 2320 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 03 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: Mar 2, 2023 11:49 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2023 Mar 02 2345 UTC
Synoptic Period: 2100-2400 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Mar 2, 2023 11:20 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2023 Mar 02 2320 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Mar 03 0600 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WATCH
Geomagnetic Storm Category G1 Predicted
Issued: Mar 2, 2023 06:09 PM UTC
Geomagnetic Storm Category G1 Predicted

Highest Storm Level Predicted by Day:
Mar 03: None (Below G1) Mar 04: None (Below G1) Mar 05: G1 (Minor)

THIS SUPERSEDES ANY/ALL PRIOR WATCHES IN EFFECT

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: Mar 2, 2023 05:56 AM UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3298
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 28 2155 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 3730 pfu

Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

CONTINUED ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: Mar 1, 2023 04:59 AM UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Continuation of Serial Number: 3297
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 28 2155 UTC
Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 1921 pfu

Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

ALERT
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Issued: Feb 28, 2023 10:12 PM UTC
Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 28 2155 UTC
Station: GOES16


Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Feb 28, 2023 07:35 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4296
Valid From: 2023 Feb 25 2225 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 01 0600 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: Feb 28, 2023 07:30 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 1750
Valid From: 2023 Feb 28 1925 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Mar 01 0300 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: Feb 28, 2023 07:24 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Valid From: 2023 Feb 28 1925 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Feb 28 2359 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

SUMMARY
X-ray Event exceeded M5
Issued: Feb 28, 2023 06:10 PM UTC
X-ray Event exceeded M5
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 28 1735 UTC
Maximum Time: 2023 Feb 28 1750 UTC
End Time: 2023 Feb 28 1756 UTC
X-ray Class: M8.6
Optical Class: 1b
Location: N25W30
NOAA Scale: R2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact centered primarily on sub-solar point on the sunlit side of Earth.
Radio - Limited blackout of HF (high frequency) radio communication for tens of minutes.

ALERT
X-Ray Flux exceeded M5
Issued: Feb 28, 2023 05:46 PM UTC
X-Ray Flux exceeded M5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 28 1744 UTC
NOAA Scale: R2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact centered on sub-solar point on the sunlit side of Earth. Extent of blackout of HF (high frequency) radio communication dependent upon current X-ray Flux intensity. For real-time information on affected area and expected duration please see http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/d-region-absorption-predictions-d-rap.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: Feb 28, 2023 05:41 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 28 0515 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0300-0600 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Feb 28, 2023 05:27 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4295
Valid From: 2023 Feb 25 2225 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Feb 28 2100 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: Feb 28, 2023 05:27 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 1748
Valid From: 2023 Feb 26 1935 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Feb 28 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Issued: Feb 28, 2023 02:55 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 28 0255 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0000-0300 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: Feb 28, 2023 01:26 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 28 0119 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0000-0300 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 09:47 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 27 2146 UTC
Synoptic Period: 2100-2400 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 09:24 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 27 2120 UTC
Synoptic Period: 2100-2400 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 7 or greater expected
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 07:22 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 7 or greater expected
Valid From: 2023 Feb 27 1922 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Feb 27 2359 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G3 or greater - Strong to Extreme

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 50 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power system voltage irregularities possible, false alarms may be triggered on some protection devices.
Spacecraft - Systems may experience surface charging; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites and orientation problems may occur.
Navigation - Intermittent satellite navigation (GPS) problems, including loss-of-lock and increased range error may occur.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio may be intermittent.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as Pennsylvania to Iowa to Oregon.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 07:07 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 27 1902 UTC
Synoptic Period: 1800-2100 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 06:50 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 27 1848 UTC
Synoptic Period: 1800-2100 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 7
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 05:23 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 7
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 27 1721 UTC
Synoptic Period: 1500-1800 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G3 - Strong

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 50 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power system voltage irregularities possible, false alarms may be triggered on some protection devices.
Spacecraft - Systems may experience surface charging; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites and orientation problems may occur.
Navigation - Intermittent satellite navigation (GPS) problems, including loss-of-lock and increased range error may occur.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio may be intermittent.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as Pennsylvania to Iowa to Oregon.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 04:04 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 27 1602 UTC
Synoptic Period: 1500-1800 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 03:48 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 27 1546 UTC
Synoptic Period: 1500-1800 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 7
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 02:36 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 7
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 27 1435 UTC
Synoptic Period: 1200-1500 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G3 - Strong

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 50 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power system voltage irregularities possible, false alarms may be triggered on some protection devices.
Spacecraft - Systems may experience surface charging; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites and orientation problems may occur.
Navigation - Intermittent satellite navigation (GPS) problems, including loss-of-lock and increased range error may occur.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio may be intermittent.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as Pennsylvania to Iowa to Oregon.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 7 or greater expected
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 01:54 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 7 or greater expected
Valid From: 2023 Feb 27 1353 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Feb 27 1800 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G3 or greater - Strong to Extreme

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 50 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power system voltage irregularities possible, false alarms may be triggered on some protection devices.
Spacecraft - Systems may experience surface charging; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites and orientation problems may occur.
Navigation - Intermittent satellite navigation (GPS) problems, including loss-of-lock and increased range error may occur.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio may be intermittent.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as Pennsylvania to Iowa to Oregon.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 01:01 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 27 1258 UTC
Synoptic Period: 1200-1500 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 12:33 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 27 1230 UTC
Synoptic Period: 1200-1500 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 7
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 11:17 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 7
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 27 1115 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0900-1200 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G3 - Strong

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 50 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power system voltage irregularities possible, false alarms may be triggered on some protection devices.
Spacecraft - Systems may experience surface charging; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites and orientation problems may occur.
Navigation - Intermittent satellite navigation (GPS) problems, including loss-of-lock and increased range error may occur.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio may be intermittent.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as Pennsylvania to Iowa to Oregon.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 10:53 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 27 1049 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0900-1200 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 10:33 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4294
Valid From: 2023 Feb 25 2225 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Feb 28 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 10:33 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 1747
Valid From: 2023 Feb 26 1935 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Feb 28 0600 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 09:42 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 27 0938 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0900-1200 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-Index of 6 expected
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 08:55 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-Index of 6 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 470
Valid From: 2023 Feb 26 2232 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Feb 28 0600 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 7 or greater expected
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 08:19 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 7 or greater expected
Valid From: 2023 Feb 27 0750 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Feb 27 1200 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G3 or greater - Strong to Extreme

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 50 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power system voltage irregularities possible, false alarms may be triggered on some protection devices.
Spacecraft - Systems may experience surface charging; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites and orientation problems may occur.
Navigation - Intermittent satellite navigation (GPS) problems, including loss-of-lock and increased range error may occur.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio may be intermittent.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as Pennsylvania to Iowa to Oregon.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 7
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 08:02 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 7
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 27 0800 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0600-0900 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G3 - Strong

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 50 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power system voltage irregularities possible, false alarms may be triggered on some protection devices.
Spacecraft - Systems may experience surface charging; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites and orientation problems may occur.
Navigation - Intermittent satellite navigation (GPS) problems, including loss-of-lock and increased range error may occur.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio may be intermittent.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as Pennsylvania to Iowa to Oregon.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 06:58 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 27 0657 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0600-0900 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

SUMMARY
Proton Event 10MeV Integral Flux exceeded 10pfu
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 06:50 AM UTC
Proton Event 10MeV Integral Flux exceeded 10pfu
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 25 2110 UTC
Maximum Time: 2023 Feb 26 0440 UTC
End Time: 2023 Feb 26 2320 UTC
Maximum 10MeV Flux: 58 pfu
NOAA Scale: S1 - Minor

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 05:25 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 27 0522 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0300-0600 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 04:08 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 27 0400 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0300-0600 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: Feb 27, 2023 02:53 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 27 0248 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0000-0300 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Issued: Feb 26, 2023 11:45 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 6
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 26 2340 UTC
Synoptic Period: 2100-2400 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-Index of 6 expected
Issued: Feb 26, 2023 10:33 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-Index of 6 expected
Valid From: 2023 Feb 26 2232 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Feb 27 0900 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: Feb 26, 2023 09:45 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 26 2145 UTC
Synoptic Period: 2100-2400 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: Feb 26, 2023 08:55 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 26 2055 UTC
Synoptic Period: 1800-2100 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: Feb 26, 2023 07:36 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Valid From: 2023 Feb 26 1935 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Feb 27 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

SUMMARY
Geomagnetic Sudden Impulse
Issued: Feb 26, 2023 07:33 PM UTC
Geomagnetic Sudden Impulse
Observed: 2023 Feb 26 1925 UTC
Deviation: 34 nT
Station: FRD

WARNING
Geomagnetic Sudden Impulse expected
Issued: Feb 26, 2023 07:14 PM UTC
Geomagnetic Sudden Impulse expected
Valid From: 2023 Feb 26 1915 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Feb 26 2015 UTC
IP Shock Passage Observed: 2023 Feb 26 1845 UTC

WATCH
Geomagnetic Storm Category G3 Predicted
Issued: Feb 26, 2023 04:36 PM UTC
Geomagnetic Storm Category G3 Predicted

Highest Storm Level Predicted by Day:
Feb 27: G3 (Strong) Feb 28: G2 (Moderate) Mar 01: None (Below G1)

THIS SUPERSEDES ANY/ALL PRIOR WATCHES IN EFFECT

Comment: Combined impacts from the current negative-polarity CH HSS, the anticipated arrival of the 24 Feb CME, and the addition of the 25 Feb CME warrant an increased Geomagnetic Watch readiness to the G3 level.

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 50 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power system voltage irregularities possible, false alarms may be triggered on some protection devices.
Spacecraft - Systems may experience surface charging; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites and orientation problems may occur.
Navigation - Intermittent satellite navigation (GPS) problems, including loss-of-lock and increased range error may occur.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio may be intermittent.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as Pennsylvania to Iowa to Oregon.

EXTENDED WARNING
Proton 10MeV Integral Flux above 10pfu expected
Issued: Feb 26, 2023 02:44 PM UTC
Proton 10MeV Integral Flux above 10pfu expected
Extension to Serial Number: 492
Valid From: 2023 Feb 25 2110 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Feb 27 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence
Predicted NOAA Scale: S1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Radio - Minor impacts on polar HF (high frequency) radio propagation resulting in fades at lower frequencies.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: Feb 26, 2023 12:02 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 26 1159 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0900-1200 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Feb 26, 2023 08:41 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4293
Valid From: 2023 Feb 25 2225 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Feb 27 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Proton 10MeV Integral Flux above 10pfu expected
Issued: Feb 26, 2023 01:03 AM UTC
Proton 10MeV Integral Flux above 10pfu expected
Extension to Serial Number: 491
Valid From: 2023 Feb 25 2110 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Feb 26 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence
Predicted NOAA Scale: S1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Radio - Minor impacts on polar HF (high frequency) radio propagation resulting in fades at lower frequencies.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Feb 25, 2023 10:23 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2023 Feb 25 2225 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Feb 26 0900 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

SUMMARY
X-ray Event exceeded M5
Issued: Feb 25, 2023 10:21 PM UTC
X-ray Event exceeded M5
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 25 1840 UTC
Maximum Time: 2023 Feb 25 1944 UTC
End Time: 2023 Feb 25 2027 UTC
X-ray Class: M6.3
Optical Class: 3n
Location: N25W44
NOAA Scale: R2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact centered primarily on sub-solar point on the sunlit side of Earth.
Radio - Limited blackout of HF (high frequency) radio communication for tens of minutes.

ALERT
Proton Event 10MeV Integral Flux exceeded 10pfu
Issued: Feb 25, 2023 09:17 PM UTC
Proton Event 10MeV Integral Flux exceeded 10pfu
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 25 2110 UTC
NOAA Scale: S1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Radio - Minor impacts on polar HF (high frequency) radio propagation resulting in fades at lower frequencies.

WARNING
Proton 10MeV Integral Flux above 10pfu expected
Issued: Feb 25, 2023 09:08 PM UTC
Proton 10MeV Integral Flux above 10pfu expected
Valid From: 2023 Feb 25 2110 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Feb 26 0200 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
Predicted NOAA Scale: S1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Radio - Minor impacts on polar HF (high frequency) radio propagation resulting in fades at lower frequencies.

SUMMARY
10cm Radio Burst
Issued: Feb 25, 2023 08:04 PM UTC
10cm Radio Burst
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 25 1923 UTC
Maximum Time: 2023 Feb 25 1929 UTC
End Time: 2023 Feb 25 1945 UTC
Duration: 22 minutes
Peak Flux: 500 sfu
Latest Penticton Noon Flux: 164 sfu

Description: A 10cm radio burst indicates that the electromagnetic burst associated with a solar flare at the 10cm wavelength was double or greater than the initial 10cm radio background. This can be indicative of significant radio noise in association with a solar flare. This noise is generally short-lived but can cause interference for sensitive receivers including radar, GPS, and satellite communications.

ALERT
Type II Radio Emission
Issued: Feb 25, 2023 07:49 PM UTC
Type II Radio Emission
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 25 1923 UTC
Estimated Velocity: 528 km/s

Description: Type II emissions occur in association with eruptions on the sun and typically indicate a coronal mass ejection is associated with a flare event.

ALERT
X-Ray Flux exceeded M5
Issued: Feb 25, 2023 07:34 PM UTC
X-Ray Flux exceeded M5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 25 1933 UTC
NOAA Scale: R2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact centered on sub-solar point on the sunlit side of Earth. Extent of blackout of HF (high frequency) radio communication dependent upon current X-ray Flux intensity. For real-time information on affected area and expected duration please see http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/d-region-absorption-predictions-d-rap.

WATCH
Geomagnetic Storm Category G2 Predicted
Issued: Feb 25, 2023 07:04 PM UTC
Geomagnetic Storm Category G2 Predicted

Highest Storm Level Predicted by Day:
Feb 26: G1 (Minor) Feb 27: G2 (Moderate) Feb 28: G1 (Minor)

THIS SUPERSEDES ANY/ALL PRIOR WATCHES IN EFFECT

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 55 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Power grid fluctuations can occur. High-latitude power systems may experience voltage alarms.
Spacecraft - Satellite orientation irregularities may occur; increased drag on low Earth-orbit satellites is possible.
Radio - HF (high frequency) radio propagation can fade at higher latitudes.
Aurora - Aurora may be seen as low as New York to Wisconsin to Washington state.

ALERT
Type IV Radio Emission
Issued: Feb 25, 2023 06:25 AM UTC
Type IV Radio Emission
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 25 0550 UTC

Description: Type IV emissions occur in association with major eruptions on the sun and are typically associated with strong coronal mass ejections and solar radiation storms.

ALERT
Type II Radio Emission
Issued: Feb 25, 2023 05:12 AM UTC
Type II Radio Emission
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 25 0436 UTC
Estimated Velocity: 388 km/s

Description: Type II emissions occur in association with eruptions on the sun and typically indicate a coronal mass ejection is associated with a flare event.

ALERT
Type IV Radio Emission
Issued: Feb 24, 2023 08:41 PM UTC
Type IV Radio Emission
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 24 2028 UTC

Description: Type IV emissions occur in association with major eruptions on the sun and are typically associated with strong coronal mass ejections and solar radiation storms.

ALERT
Type II Radio Emission
Issued: Feb 24, 2023 08:39 PM UTC
Type II Radio Emission
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 24 2020 UTC
Estimated Velocity: 1204 km/s

Description: Type II emissions occur in association with eruptions on the sun and typically indicate a coronal mass ejection is associated with a flare event.

SUMMARY
10cm Radio Burst
Issued: Feb 24, 2023 08:39 PM UTC
10cm Radio Burst
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 24 2018 UTC
Maximum Time: 2023 Feb 24 2022 UTC
End Time: 2023 Feb 24 2026 UTC
Duration: 8 minutes
Peak Flux: 229 sfu
Latest Penticton Noon Flux: 148 sfu

Description: A 10cm radio burst indicates that the electromagnetic burst associated with a solar flare at the 10cm wavelength was double or greater than the initial 10cm radio background. This can be indicative of significant radio noise in association with a solar flare. This noise is generally short-lived but can cause interference for sensitive receivers including radar, GPS, and satellite communications.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Feb 24, 2023 02:55 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4291
Valid From: 2023 Feb 23 0145 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Feb 24 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Feb 23, 2023 05:43 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4290
Valid From: 2023 Feb 23 0145 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Feb 24 0300 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Feb 23, 2023 12:46 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4289
Valid From: 2023 Feb 23 0145 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Feb 23 1800 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Issued: Feb 23, 2023 03:04 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 23 0259 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0000-0300 UTC

Active Warning: Yes
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: Feb 23, 2023 02:45 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Valid From: 2023 Feb 23 0245 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Feb 23 0900 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: Feb 23, 2023 02:36 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 23 0233 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0000-0300 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Feb 23, 2023 01:46 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2023 Feb 23 0145 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Feb 23 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

ALERT
Type II Radio Emission
Issued: Feb 21, 2023 08:52 PM UTC
Type II Radio Emission
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 21 2019 UTC
Estimated Velocity: 1269 km/s

Description: Type II emissions occur in association with eruptions on the sun and typically indicate a coronal mass ejection is associated with a flare event.

SUMMARY
X-ray Event exceeded M5
Issued: Feb 21, 2023 08:44 PM UTC
X-ray Event exceeded M5
Begin Time: 2023 Feb 21 1957 UTC
Maximum Time: 2023 Feb 21 2017 UTC
End Time: 2023 Feb 21 2030 UTC
X-ray Class: M5.0
Location: N24E63
NOAA Scale: R2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact centered primarily on sub-solar point on the sunlit side of Earth.
Radio - Limited blackout of HF (high frequency) radio communication for tens of minutes.

ALERT
X-Ray Flux exceeded M5
Issued: Feb 21, 2023 08:18 PM UTC
X-Ray Flux exceeded M5
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 21 2016 UTC
NOAA Scale: R2 - Moderate

Potential Impacts: Area of impact centered on sub-solar point on the sunlit side of Earth. Extent of blackout of HF (high frequency) radio communication dependent upon current X-ray Flux intensity. For real-time information on affected area and expected duration please see http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/d-region-absorption-predictions-d-rap.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Feb 21, 2023 02:59 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4287
Valid From: 2023 Feb 21 0248 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Feb 22 0300 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: Feb 21, 2023 02:52 PM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 1744
Valid From: 2023 Feb 21 1010 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Feb 21 2100 UTC
Warning Condition: Persistence

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

ALERT
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Issued: Feb 21, 2023 10:31 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4
Threshold Reached: 2023 Feb 21 1028 UTC
Synoptic Period: 0900-1200 UTC

Active Warning: Yes

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

EXTENDED WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Feb 21, 2023 10:13 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Extension to Serial Number: 4286
Valid From: 2023 Feb 21 0248 UTC
Now Valid Until: 2023 Feb 21 1800 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Issued: Feb 21, 2023 10:10 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 5 expected
Valid From: 2023 Feb 21 1010 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Feb 21 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset
NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine.

WARNING
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Issued: Feb 21, 2023 02:47 AM UTC
Geomagnetic K-index of 4 expected
Valid From: 2023 Feb 21 0248 UTC
Valid To: 2023 Feb 21 1500 UTC
Warning Condition: Onset

Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 65 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude.
Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur.
Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes such as Canada and Alaska.

Table

Date Radio flux 10.7 cm SESC Sunspot number Sunspot area 10E-6 New regions GOES15 X-ray Bkgd flux Flares
X-ray Optical
C M X S 1 2 3
Feb 20, 2023 160 135 1100 3 * 14 1 0 13 1 0 0
Feb 21, 2023 161 106 760 0 * 9 2 0 17 0 0 0
Feb 22, 2023 152 100 750 0 * 10 2 0 6 0 0 0
Feb 23, 2023 148 108 890 2 * 11 2 0 13 0 0 0
Feb 24, 2023 164 130 980 1 * 6 2 0 8 1 1 0
Feb 25, 2023 152 129 980 0 * 5 2 0 0 0 0 1
Feb 26, 2023 159 120 930 0 * 6 0 0 0 0 0 0
Feb 27, 2023 161 192 1030 1 * 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
Feb 28, 2023 161 100 1110 1 * 6 1 0 4 0 0 0
Mar 01, 2023 162 105 1110 2 * 10 1 0 12 2 0 0
Mar 02, 2023 169 103 1310 1 * 7 1 0 17 1 0 0
Mar 03, 2023 175 133 1430 3 * 6 1 1 17 3 0 0
Mar 04, 2023 182 122 620 0 * 12 3 0 14 2 2 0
Mar 05, 2023 180 137 770 1 * 6 4 0 13 0 0 0
Mar 06, 2023 188 173 1020 2 * 5 3 0 4 0 1 0
Mar 07, 2023 180 191 1220 1 * 6 0 0 2 0 0 0
Mar 08, 2023 182 146 1285 0 * 6 2 0 7 1 0 0
Mar 09, 2023 179 155 740 2 * 14 0 0 8 1 0 0
Mar 10, 2023 171 135 700 1 * 5 0 0 6 2 0 0
Mar 11, 2023 157 126 720 0 * 6 0 0 4 0 0 0
Mar 12, 2023 150 135 690 1 * 2 0 0 2 0 0 0
Mar 13, 2023 143 87 480 0 * 1 0 0 2 0 0 0
Mar 14, 2023 139 97 250 2 * 5 0 0 3 0 0 0
Mar 15, 2023 136 96 280 0 * 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mar 16, 2023 135 84 120 0 * 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mar 17, 2023 134 58 150 1 * 5 1 0 7 0 0 0
Mar 18, 2023 140 35 320 1 * 2 0 0 2 1 0 0
Mar 19, 2023 143 73 510 3 * 9 0 0 6 0 0 0
Mar 20, 2023 156 75 550 0 * 3 1 0 1 1 0 0
Mar 21, 2023 152 70 640 1 * 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Average/Total 159 115 782 30 187 29 1 190 16 4 1

Summary graph

Flares

Solar wind

Solar Wind

The solar wind is a stream of plasma released from the upper atmosphere of the Sun. It consists of mostly electrons, protons and alpha particles with energies usually between 1.5 and 10 keV. The stream of particles varies in density, temperature, and speed over time and over solar longitude. These particles can escape the Sun's gravity because of their high energy, from the high temperature of the corona and magnetic, electrical and electromagnetic phenomena in it.

The solar wind is divided into two components, respectively termed the slow solar wind and the fast solar wind. The slow solar wind has a velocity of about 400 km/s, a temperature of 1.4–1.6×10e6 K and a composition that is a close match to the corona. By contrast, the fast solar wind has a typical velocity of 750 km/s, a temperature of 8×10e5 K and it nearly matches the composition of the Sun's photosphere. The slow solar wind is twice as dense and more variable in intensity than the fast solar wind. The slow wind also has a more complex structure, with turbulent regions and large-scale structures.

Solar radio flux at 10.7 cm

Solar radio flux at 10.7 cm

The solar radio flux at 10.7 cm (2800 MHz) is an excellent indicator of solar activity. Often called the F10.7 index, it is one of the longest running records of solar activity. The F10.7 radio emissions originates high in the chromosphere and low in the corona of the solar atmosphere. The F10.7 correlates well with the sunspot number as well as a number of UltraViolet (UV) and visible solar irradiance records. Reported in “solar flux units”, (s.f.u.), the F10.7 can vary from below 50 s.f.u., to above 300 s.f.u., over the course of a solar cycle.

Flares

Flares

A solar flare is a sudden flash of brightness observed over the Sun's surface or the solar limb, which is interpreted as a large energy release of up to 6 × 10e25 joules of energy. They are often, but not always, followed by a colossal coronal mass ejection. The flare ejects clouds of electrons, ions, and atoms through the corona of the sun into space. These clouds typically reach Earth a day or two after the event.

Solar flares affect all layers of the solar atmosphere (photosphere, chromosphere, and corona), when the plasma medium is heated to tens of millions of kelvin, while the electrons, protons, and heavier ions are accelerated to near the speed of light. They produce radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum at all wavelengths, from radio waves to gamma rays, although most of the energy is spread over frequencies outside the visual range and for this reason the majority of the flares are not visible to the naked eye and must be observed with special instruments. Flares occur in active regions around sunspots, where intense magnetic fields penetrate the photosphere to link the corona to the solar interior. Flares are powered by the sudden (timescales of minutes to tens of minutes) release of magnetic energy stored in the corona. The same energy releases may produce coronal mass ejections (CME), although the relation between CMEs and flares is still not well established.

The frequency of occurrence of solar flares varies, from several per day when the Sun is particularly "active" to less than one every week when the Sun is "quiet", following the 11-year cycle (the solar cycle). Large flares are less frequent than smaller ones.

Classification

Solar flares are classified as A, B, C, M or X according to the peak flux (in watts per square metre, W/m2) of 100 to 800 picometre X-rays near Earth, as measured on the GOES spacecraft.

Classification Peak Flux Range at 100-800 picometer
W/m2
A < 10e-7
B 10e-7 to 10e-6
C 10e-6 to 10e-5
M 10e-5 to 10e-4
X 10e-4 to 10e-3
Z > 10e-3

An earlier flare classification is based on Hα spectral observations. The scheme uses both the intensity and emitting surface. The classification in intensity is qualitative, referring to the flares as: (f)aint, (n)ormal or (b)rilliant. The emitting surface is measured in terms of millionths of the hemisphere and is described below. (The total hemisphere area AH = 6.2 × 1012 km2.)

Classification Corrected area
(millionths of hemisphere)
S < 100
1 100 - 250
2 250 - 600
3 600 - 1200
4 > 1200

Sunspot number

Sunspots

Sunspots are temporary phenomena on the photosphere of the Sun that appear visibly as dark spots compared to surrounding regions. They correspond to concentrations of magnetic field that inhibit convection and result in reduced surface temperature compared to the surrounding photosphere. Sunspots usually appear in pairs, with pair members of opposite magnetic polarity. The number of sunspots varies according to the approximately 11-year solar cycle.

Sunspot populations quickly rise and more slowly fall on an irregular cycle of 11 years, although significant variations in the number of sunspots attending the 11-year period are known over longer spans of time. For example, from 1900 to the 1960s, the solar maxima trend of sunspot count has been upward; from the 1960s to the present, it has diminished somewhat. Over the last decades the Sun has had a markedly high average level of sunspot activity; it was last similarly active over 8,000 years ago.

The number of sunspots correlates with the intensity of solar radiation over the period since 1979, when satellite measurements of absolute radiative flux became available. Since sunspots are darker than the surrounding photosphere it might be expected that more sunspots would lead to less solar radiation and a decreased solar constant. However, the surrounding margins of sunspots are brighter than the average, and so are hotter; overall, more sunspots increase the Sun's solar constant or brightness. The variation caused by the sunspot cycle to solar output is relatively small, on the order of 0.1% of the solar constant (a peak-to-trough range of 1.3 W/m2 compared to 1366 W/m2 for the average solar constant).

K-indices



Today


0h
UTC
3h
UTC
6h
UTC
9h
UTC
12h
UTC
15h
UTC
18h
UTC
21h
UTC
- 1. 00 - 1. 00 - 1.



Data


Estimated Planetary

Estimated Planetary

Date A K-indices (UTC)
0h 3h 6h 9h 12h 15h 18h 21h
Feb 22, 2023 6 1. 67 0. 67 1.
Feb 23, 2023 22 4. 67 3. 67 3.
Feb 24, 2023 6 3. 00 1. 33 2.
Feb 25, 2023 10 0. 67 0. 67 2.
Feb 26, 2023 26 3. 33 2. 67 3.
Feb 27, 2023 94 5. 00 6. 00 6.
Feb 28, 2023 28 5. 67 4. 67 3.
Mar 01, 2023 8 3. 33 1. 67 1.
Mar 02, 2023 9 1. 33 1. 67 2.
Mar 03, 2023 22 3. 67 3. 67 3.
Mar 04, 2023 15 3. 67 3. 00 3.
Mar 05, 2023 22 3. 67 3. 33 3.
Mar 06, 2023 15 4. 00 3. 00 2.
Mar 07, 2023 11 2. 67 3. 33 3.
Mar 08, 2023 8 1. 33 2. 00 2.
Mar 09, 2023 17 2. 33 3. 33 4.
Mar 10, 2023 11 4. 00 2. 00 2.
Mar 11, 2023 7 2. 67 2. 00 1.
Mar 12, 2023 8 2. 67 2. 00 3.
Mar 13, 2023 3 1. 33 0. 33 0.
Mar 14, 2023 17 3. 00 3. 33 3.
Mar 15, 2023 29 3. 67 5. 67 4.
Mar 16, 2023 8 4. 33 2. 67 1.
Mar 17, 2023 7 1. 00 1. 67 2.
Mar 18, 2023 8 2. 67 2. 67 2.
Mar 19, 2023 10 2. 00 3. 00 3.
Mar 20, 2023 13 3. 00 1. 00 1.
Mar 21, 2023 8 3. 00 1. 33 2.
Mar 22, 2023 17 4. 00 3. 33 3.
Mar 23, 2023 - 1. 00 - 1. 00 - 1.

Middle Latitude

Date A K-indices
Feb 22, 2023 4 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 1
Feb 23, 2023 16 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 3
Feb 24, 2023 4 2 1 2 1 2 0 1 1
Feb 25, 2023 9 0 1 2 2 3 2 3 3
Feb 26, 2023 18 3 2 3 3 3 1 4 5
Feb 27, 2023 60 4 4 5 7 6 6 5 4
Feb 28, 2023 19 5 4 3 3 2 2 3 3
Mar 01, 2023 6 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2
Mar 02, 2023 8 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 3
Mar 03, 2023 16 3 3 2 3 4 2 4 3
Mar 04, 2023 10 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 3
Mar 05, 2023 17 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3
Mar 06, 2023 11 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 3
Mar 07, 2023 7 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 1
Mar 08, 2023 6 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
Mar 09, 2023 14 2 3 4 3 3 3 2 2
Mar 10, 2023 10 4 1 2 1 2 3 2 2
Mar 11, 2023 5 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2
Mar 12, 2023 6 2 1 3 2 2 0 1 1
Mar 13, 2023 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
Mar 14, 2023 12 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 3
Mar 15, 2023 19 3 4 3 3 3 2 2 5
Mar 16, 2023 6 3 3 0 1 1 1 1 1
Mar 17, 2023 7 0 1 2 3 3 2 1 1
Mar 18, 2023 6 2 2 1 2 2 2 1
Mar 19, 2023 8 1 2 3 2 2 3 2 1
Mar 20, 2023 10 2 0 0 2 4 4 1 2
Mar 21, 2023 8 3 1 2 2 2 3 1 2
Mar 22, 2023 14 3 3 3 4 3 2 3 1
Mar 23, 2023

High Latitude

Date A K-indices
Feb 22, 2023 8 1 0 0 3 3 2 2 3
Feb 23, 2023 30 3 3 4 5 5 5 4 3
Feb 24, 2023 3 2 1 2 2 1 0 0 0
Feb 25, 2023 22 0 0 2 5 2 5 5 3
Feb 26, 2023 27 3 3 5 5 4 2 4 4
Feb 27, 2023 88 4 5 7 7 6 7 6 5
Feb 28, 2023 29 4 5 4 5 3 3 4 4
Mar 01, 2023 5 3 2 0 2 1 0 1 1
Mar 02, 2023 14 1 1 4 5 2 1 3 2
Mar 03, 2023 37 3 4 6 6 5 3 3 3
Mar 04, 2023 20 3 3 4 5 3 3 3 2
Mar 05, 2023 41 3 3 6 5 6 5 4 3
Mar 06, 2023 20 3 3 2 5 4 4 2 3
Mar 07, 2023 22 3 4 5 5 4 2 1 0
Mar 08, 2023 9 1 2 3 4 1 1 2 2
Mar 09, 2023 28 2 2 6 5 4 5 2 1
Mar 10, 2023 11 2 1 3 0 3 4 3 2
Mar 11, 2023 4 2 2 1 1 0 1 1 1
Mar 12, 2023 10 2 1 4 4 2 1 0 1
Mar 13, 2023 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Mar 14, 2023 21 2 2 4 5 4 4 3 2
Mar 15, 2023 31 3 5 4 6 4 3 2 4
Mar 16, 2023 7 3 2 1 3 2 1 1 0
Mar 17, 2023 11 0 1 2 4 5 0 0 1
Mar 18, 2023 23 1 3 1 6 5 2 1
Mar 19, 2023 9 1 3 3 2 2 3 1 1
Mar 20, 2023 25 1 1 0 5 5 6 2 2
Mar 21, 2023 9 1 1 2 4 1 3 1 2
Mar 22, 2023 38 3 3 6 7 4 3 2 1
Mar 23, 2023

About

The K-index quantifies disturbances in the horizontal component of earth's magnetic field with an integer in the range 0–9 with 1 being calm and 5 or more indicating a geomagnetic storm. It is derived from the maximum fluctuations of horizontal components observed on a magnetometer during a three-hour interval. The label K comes from the German word Kennziffer meaning “characteristic digit”. The K-index was introduced by Julius Bartels in 1938.

The Estimated 3-hour Planetary Kp-index is derived at the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center using data from the following ground-based magnetometers:

  • Sitka, Alaska
  • Meanook, Canada
  • Ottawa, Canada
  • Fredericksburg, Virginia
  • Hartland, UK
  • Wingst, Germany
  • Niemegk, Germany
  • Canberra, Australia

These data are made available thanks to the cooperative efforts between SWPC and data providers around the world, which currently includes the U.S. Geological Survey, Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN), the British Geological Survey, the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), and Geoscience Australia. Important magnetometer observations are also contributed by the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris and the Korean Space Weather Center K-index Watches are issued when the highest predicted NOAA estimated Kp-indices for a day are K = 5, 6, 7, or >= 8 and is reported in terms of the NOAA G scale. K-index Warnings are issued when NOAA estimated Kp-indices of 4, 5, 6, and 7 or greater are expected. K-index Alerts are issued when the NOAA estimated Kp-indices reach 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9.


More info
Data source: NOAA, Wikipedia

Units

Language



Icons


Temperature

Humidity

Pressure

Wind speed

Wind gust

Precipitation

Solar radiation

Snow

Feels like

Dew point

UV

Visibility

Cloud base

Evapotranspiration

Indoor temperature

Indoor humidity


Sunrise

Sunset

Moon rise

Moon set

Time

Menu

From

To

Fullscreen

Export as image

Settings

Homepage

Webcam

Table

Graph

Map

Steady

Rising

Falling

Warning

Latitude

Longitude

Station History

Solar eclipse

Lunar eclipse

GPS

Elevation

Day

Month

Year

High temperature

Low temperature

Day

Night

Spring

Summer

Fall

Winter